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The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.The best way to understand logarithms is through an example. If you take 10 to the third power (10 x 10 x 10) the result is 1000. The logarithm is the inverse of that power function. The logarithm (base 10) of 1000 is the power of 10 that gives the answer 1000. If you multiply 10 by itself 3 times, you get 1000. For example, taking 10 to the -3 power is the same as taking the reciprocal of 10 3. The logarithm of 0.001 is the power of 10 that equals 0.001, which is -3. Ten to the 1/2 power equals the square root of 10, which is 3.163.
Ten to the zero power equals 1, so the logarithm of 1.0 is 0.0. You can take the logarithm of any positive number. The logarithm of values between zero and one are negative the logarithms of values greater than one are positive. The logarithms of zero and all negative numbers are undefined there is no power of 10 that gives a negative number or zero. The logarithms shown in the previous section are called base 10 logarithms, because the computations take 10 to some power. You can compute logarithms for any power. Mathematicians prefer natural logarithms, using base e (2.7183…). Despite that name, use of logarithms with base e does not seem natural to most scientists who tend to be far more comfortable with base 10 logarithms.īiologists sometimes use base 2 logarithms, often without realizing it. The base 2 logarithm is the number of doublings it takes to reach a value. So the log base 2 of 16 is 4 because if you start with 1 and double it four times (2, 4, 8, and 16) the result is 16. Immunologists often serially dilute antibodies by factors of 2, so often graph data on a log2 scale. Cell biologists use base 2 logarithms to convert cell counts to number of doublings.
Logarithms using different bases are proportional to each other. So converting from natural logs to common logs is sort of like changing units. Divide a natural logarithm by 2.303 to compute the common log of the same value.
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